和胃利胆汤治疗麻醉微创保胆取石术后并发症临床研究

目的:观察和胃利胆汤联合西药治疗微创保胆取石术后相关并发症的临床疗效。方法:将96例行全身麻醉下微创保胆取石术后患者96例随机分为对照组和观察组各48例。对照组患者术后给予西药镇痛、抗感染、补液、止吐、保护胃黏膜等西药对症处理;观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予和胃利胆汤治疗,两组均以15 d为1个疗程,连续治疗4个疗程,观察两组临床疗效。结果:两组患者术后经治疗胆囊壁厚度有所减少,胆囊功能有所增强,以观察组的改善尤为明显(P0.05);术后服药治疗过程中观察组患者均未出现明显胃肠不适症状;观察组患者结石复发率为6.25%,对照组患者结石复发率为31.25%,观察组的结石复发率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:和胃利胆汤联合西药能有效防治麻醉微创保胆取石术后患者的不良反应,提高胃肠功能,减小患者的胆囊壁厚度,提高患者的胆囊功能,降低复发率,效果满意。     

内镜下尼龙绳套扎结合电凝切除术治疗大肠宽基底息肉临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨内镜下尼龙绳套扎结合电凝切除术治疗大肠宽基底息肉近远期疗效.[方法]43例大肠宽基底息肉患者,分别采用内镜下尼龙绳套扎结合电凝切除术或单纯内镜下尼龙绳套扎术治疗,观察并随访其术后疗效.[结果]所有患者均一次性套扎与切除成功.套扎结合电凝组术中均无严重出血以及穿孔发生.术后2周复查结肠镜显示:套扎术结合电凝治疗患者27例,切除部位无新发现息肉.单纯套扎治疗组,息肉完全脱落11例,治愈率68.8%,其余5例息肉瘤体明显缩小均超过1/2,对此类部分脱落患者采用电凝切除.术后2个月复查,套扎结合电凝组,24例创面完全愈合,未发现创面充血糜烂,3例创面出现溃疡;单纯套扎治疗组,术后2个月复查,12例创面完全愈合,无充血糜烂发生,4例创面形成溃疡;所有患者术后3个月复查,溃疡愈合;半年后复查,未发现复发患者.[结论]内镜下尼龙绳套扎结合电凝切除术治疗大肠宽基底息肉具有成功率高、安全的优点.     

胆囊穿孔伴肝脓肿的超声造影表现

目的 探讨CEUS诊断和鉴别诊断胆囊穿孔伴肝脓肿的应用价值。 方法 4例经手术病理证实的胆囊穿孔合并肝脓肿的患者,术前接受常规及超声造影检查,观察造影前后在显示胆囊形态、穿孔部位和大小、炎症波及肝脏范围及显示病灶内血供的能力。 结果 常规超声显示,4例患者中1例囊壁局部"缺损",3例囊壁局部显示模糊;2例胆囊内伴结石。4例胆囊旁肝实质内均见包块,边界模糊;3例呈中、低混合回声,1例呈囊、实混合回声。2例胆囊旁可见积液。4例于CEUS动脉期均可见胆囊壁强回声带局部中断,清晰显示"缺损"部位和大小。肝内包块在动脉期表现为不均质蜂窝样略高增强,伴少许无增强区,门脉相造影剂减退,表现为不均质低增强,呈肝脓肿增强模式。 结论 CEUS可通过显示胆囊壁的"缺损"及肝包块的血流灌注模式,对胆囊穿孔合并肝脓肿患者进行准确诊断,有较高的鉴别诊断价值。     

粪便钙卫蛋白检测在结直肠癌诊断中的作用探究

目的探讨粪便钙卫蛋白检测在结直肠癌诊断中的作用。方法选取本院2012年10月至2014年10月诊治的炎症性肠病患者246例为Ⅲ组,结直肠癌患者246例为Ⅱ组,非癌息肉患者246例为Ⅰ组,健康体检人员246例为对照组,均行粪便钙卫蛋白检测。结果Ⅰ组粪便钙卫蛋白[(145.52±4.14)μg/g]高于对照组[(18.05±3.76)μg/g],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅱ组粪便钙卫蛋白[(557.63±24.81)μg/g]高于对照组和Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅲ组粪便钙卫蛋白[(896.50±113.57)μg/g]高于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结肠癌患者粪便钙卫蛋白[(205.36±31.24)μg/g]高于直肠癌患者[(126.84±19.07)μg/g],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B期粪便钙卫蛋白[(197.58±23.16)μg/g]高于A期[(107.36±11.25)μg/g],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。C期粪便钙卫蛋白[(143.09±18.27)μg/g]高于A期,却低于B期,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。D期粪便钙卫蛋白[(168.25±16.38)μg/g]高于A期和C期,却低于B期。差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论粪便钙卫蛋白检测可为结直肠癌临床诊断提供准确的科学依据,并且操作方便、价格低廉、患者依从性高,适用于门诊筛查,值得临床推广使用。     

萎缩性胆囊炎脂餐前后声像变化的探讨

目的对萎缩性胆囊炎患者进食脂肪餐后胆囊的声像变化进行分析、比较。方法在超声筛查出的17例胆囊萎缩患者,进食脂肪餐后30min复查,了解胆囊大小、内腔液区和囊内结石显示情况的变化。结果17例中,脂餐后胆囊均增大,胆囊轮廓、囊内情况较餐前更易显示,胆囊结石检出率增高。结论对超声检查胆囊显示不清或萎缩的患者,可采用进食脂肪餐后复查,对提高超声诊断的准确性有较大帮助。     

Primary gallbladder carcinoma: Imaging findings in 50 patients with pathologic correlation

Different diagnostic imaging modalities [contrast cholangiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT)] in a large group of patients with proven gallbladder carcinoma are reviewed. Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging methods strongly correlated with the different gross pathologic types of gallbladder carcinoma. The most common observed type was a mass replacing the gallbladder (39%). Other types observed either by sonography and/or CT were a focal/diffuse gallbladder wall thickening and the presence of an intraluminal polypoid mass. Despite the improvement in several imaging modalities, most of the preoperatively diagnosed gallbladder carcinomas were in advanced stage (84%). A combined approach using noninvasive diagnostic methods and percutaneous aspirative biopsies may reduce the number of explorative laparotomies in the final diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.     

影响意外胆囊癌治疗决策及疗效的因素

目的探讨影响意外胆囊癌治疗决策及疗效的因素,以提高意外胆囊癌患者的疗效与预后。方法采用F isher精确概率计算法,分析15例意外胆囊癌患者死亡与发现时TNM分期或Nevin分期及胆囊破裂的相关性,探讨意外胆囊癌患者发现时间、发现时TNM分期或Nevin分期、胆囊破裂、第一次手术及是否再手术、胆囊结石病程长短和年龄与患者生存时间的关系。结果11例意外胆囊癌术后诊断,1例尸检诊断,3例术中诊断。术后诊断的时间1周到2年不等,4例有胆囊破裂,术后7个月死于胆囊癌,11例无胆囊破裂术后存活。本组意外胆囊癌患者死亡与TNM分期或Nevin分期的相关性统计学分析,P=0.0007,与胆囊破裂的相关性的统计学分析,P=0.0003。术后较早诊断的意外胆囊癌以早期胆囊癌多,术后较晚诊断的多是晚期胆囊癌。晚期意外胆囊癌多见于胆囊结石病程较长的老年患者。结论意外胆囊癌的发现时间、TNM或Nevin分期、第一次手术方式和再手术、有无胆囊破裂、胆囊结石的病程、患者年龄是影响意外胆囊癌治疗决策和疗效的因素。     

Retrograde cholangiography of malignant biliary strictures: spectrum of appearances and pitfalls

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate retrograde cholangiograms, ex~ plore the morphology of malignant biliary strictures, and determine if there are any features that may indicate a specific diagnosis. Materials and methods: The retrograde cholangiograms of 514 patients were reviewed. Cases with clinical fol~ low-up and subsequent studies indicating malignant in~ volvement of the biliary tree were identified. Fifty pa~ tients were found. Results: Carcinoma of the pancreatic head was the most common disease with 21 patients in this group. The morphology of the bile duct at the point of involvement was nonspecific comprising shouldered intrinsic ap~ pearing lesions as well as tapered in other cases. Pan~ creatic duct dilatation was a relatively specific finding occurring in 80% of this group. Other malignancies to involve the bile ducts included cholangiocarcinoma, metastases, ampullary carcinoma and gallbladder car~ cinoma. As with pancreatic carcinoma, the morphology of the lesion (e.g., shouldered versus tapered, length of stricture, severity of proximal dilatation) did not aid in the specific diagnosis of the pathology. Illustrative cases are presented where the morphology was unexpected for the eventual diagnosis (e.g., simulating intraluminal fill~ ing defects). Conclusion: The cholangiographic appearance of a bil~ iary stricture is usually not helpful in the specific diag~ nosis of the underlying etiology. Carcinoma of the pan~ creatic head may be suspected if pancreatic duct dilatation is also found. This article presents some un~ usual cholangiographic pitfalls that were identified, which initially distracted from the ultimate diagnosis. Received: 16 September 1996/Accepted: 30 October 1996     

CO2激光喉显微手术与电子喉镜手术治疗声带息肉效果比较

目的：比较支撑喉镜下CO2激光显微手术与电子喉镜下手术治疗声带息肉的临床疗效。方法选取2014年1月至2015年1月芜湖市第二人民医院收治的144例声带息肉行支撑喉镜下CO2激光显微手术患者(激光组)及同期门诊75例电子喉镜下手术的声带息肉患者(喉镜组),比较分析两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果激光组显效120例,有效19例,无效5例,总有效率为96．52%;喉镜组治愈60例,有效12例,无效3例,总有效率为96．00%。两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义( P>0．05)。结论声带息肉的手术方式应根据患者的自愿、声带息肉的基底部以及声门暴露情况选择不同的手术。     

超声造影对胆囊胆固醇性息肉的诊断价值

目的探讨胆囊胆固醇性息肉的超声造影特征。方法对47例胆囊胆固醇性息肉患者行常规超声及超声造影检查,常规超声观察病变大小、形态、数目、内部回声、基底部宽度及彩色血流情况。超声造影观察病变模式、增强强度、病灶的始增时间、达峰时间及减退时间。结果常规超声示24例胆固醇性息肉表现为窄基底,16例表现为宽基底,7例息肉多切面扫查难以确定基底部位置,彩色多普勒测及血流信号者8例。所有息肉行超声造影均可被强化,增强模式呈蜂窝状不均匀增强者29例,均匀增强者18例,高增强40例,低增强7例。本组病例造影始增时间为(17.03±6.51)s,达峰时间为(29.27±9.71)s,减退时间为(54.42±10.37)s。超声造影均能显示病变基底部,与常规超声比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。结论超声造影表现为"蜂窝状"不均匀增强对胆固醇性息肉的诊断有一定参考价值,超声造影可显著提高息肉基底部的显示率。